Every database employed to generate the UCC is listed here, with a full description of the modifications and corrections made before merging it in to our final catalogue.

We split the file into two sections. First we show the 32 databases used in the original UCC article. After that, we show the databases that were added after the publication of the article.

 

 

Initial databases

1. KHARCHENKO12

Kharchenko et al. 2012; Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way. I. The pipeline and fundamental parameters in the second quadrant

Retrieved the data from the HEASARC service selecting all clusters with class equal to OPEN STAR CLUSTER, resulting in 2858 entries.

This DB lists the FSR clusters as “FSR XXXX” with leading zeros and the ESO clusters as “ESO XXX-XX” with leading zeroes.

Name changes:

  • vdBergh-Hagen –> VDBH per CDS recommendation (added ‘vdBergh-Hagen’ so that the naming isn’t lost)
  • vdBergh –> VDB per CDS recommendation (added ‘vdBergh’ so that the naming isn’t lost)

Removed entries pointing to a GC:

  • ESO 456-29 (Gran 1)
  • FSR 1716
  • FSR 1758
  • VDBH 140,vdBergh-Hagen 140

We do not use the values listed here to generate the positions for the clusters in the UCC.

2. LOKTIN17

Loktin & Popova 2017; Updated version of the ‘homogeneous catalog of open cluster parameters’

The Vizier table contains 1052 clusters.

Many proper motion values in this DB are very wrong (see e.g: NGC 2516). We thus do not use these values in the DB.

Contains 11 clusters with an extra name in parenthesis. These were fixed as follows:

  • “Alpha_Persei, Melotte 20”
  • “Collinder258, Har5”
  • “Coma Star, Melotte 111”
  • “Herschel1, ASCC41”
  • “Hyades, Melotte 25”
  • “NGC2645, Pismis6”
  • “NGC2682, Melotte 67”
  • “NGC3247, Cr220”
  • “Pleiades, Melotte 45”
  • “Praesepe, NGC2632”
  • “Stephenson1, Del_L”

Name changes:

  • VDBergh_Hagen –> VDBH per CDS recommendation (added ‘vdBergh-Hagen’ to 43 clusters so that the naming isn’t lost)
  • VDBergh –> VDB per CDS recommendation
  • Sauer5 –> Saurer 5
  • Teusch61 –> Teutsch61
  • AlessiJ2327+55 –> Alessi J2327.0+55
  • Sigma_Ori –> Sigma_Orionis

Removed entries pointing to a GC:

  • berkeley42 (NGC 6749)
  • lynga7 (BH 184)

The article says that: “also includes our 48 newly discovered and hitherto unknown poor open clusters” but the CDS table lists 54 named ‘LP_XX’ were XX goes from 01 to 55 (LP 03 is not present in the Vizier table). The last six entries are named ‘50A, 51A, 52A, 53A, 54A, 55A’ so these are probably from a previous article.

These entries share naming convention (LP) with Liu & Pang (2019) presented their new OCs with no formal ID assigned (only numbers)

3. CASTRO18

Castro-Ginard et al. 2018; A new method for unveiling open clusters in Gaia. New nearby open clusters confirmed by DR2

The Vizier table contains 23 entries. No changes required.

4. BICA19

Bica et al. 2019; A Multi-band Catalog of 10978 Star Clusters, Associations, and Candidates in the Milky Way;

The Vizier table contains 10978 entries. We keep only those with Class1 OC (open cluster) or OCC (open cluster candidate). This reduces the list to 3564 entries.

Added RA_ICRS and DE_ICRS columns to the DB.

Fixes to duplicated entries:

  • MWSC 2776, name listed twice –> removed one of the repeated names
  • FSR 523, FSR 847, FSR 436 –> removed the duplicates that showed as single entries
  • ESO 393-3 –> removed name from both entries (cluster not found in CDS)
  • MWSC 1025, 1482, 948, 3123, 1997, 1840, 442, 1808, 2204: removed name from both entries (clusters not found in KHARCHENKO12)
  • ESO 97-2 –> removed from Loden 848 as it matches the position of Loden 894 according to CDS
  • FSR 972, OCL 344, Collinder 384, FSR 179 –> removed from both entries, it does not show in CDS or anywhere else
  • MWSC 206 –> removed entry that also showed FSR 60 as the coordinates for FSR 60 are a better match in KHARCHENKO12 for the entry with the single FSR 60 name

Changes to names:

  • BH –> VDBH per CDS recommendation
  • vdBergh –> VDB per CDS recommendation
  • FSR 429.MWSC 3667 –> FSR 429,MWSC 3667
  • Carraro 1.MWSC 1829 –> Carraro 1,MWSC 1829
  • Cernik 39 –> Czernik 39
  • FSR343 –> FSR 343
  • ESO456-13 –> ESO 456-13
  • de Wit 1 –> Wit 1 (to match KHARCHENKO12)
  • JS 1 –> Juchert-Saloran 1 (to match KHARCHENKO12)
  • ESO 589-26,MW –> ESO 589-26
  • Messineo 1,Cl 1813-18,SAI 126, –> Remove comma at the end
  • Alessi J2327.6+5535 –> Alessi J2327.0+55
  • TRSG 1 –> RSG 1
  • Added ‘Dol-Dzim 9’ to ‘DoDz 9’ to match KHARCHENKO12
  • Added ‘Dol-Dzim 11’ to ‘DoDz 11’ to match KHARCHENKO12
  • Removed ‘Alessi J0715.6-0722’ as it is an OCC and its position matches that of ‘Alessi J0715.6-0727’

Removed entries pointing to a GC:

  • ESO 456-29,MWSC 2761 (Gran 1)
  • ESO 93-8,MWSC 1932
  • FSR 1758,MWSC 2617
  • VDBH 140,vdBergh-Hagen 140,FSR 1632,MWSC 2071

Ryu clusters

This is the only DB that lists the Ryu & Lee (2018) clusters. The original article claims to have found 721 new OCs (923 minus 202 embedded). BICA19 (page 11) says that the Ryu & Lee article lists 719 OCs (921 minus 202 embedded). BICA19 lists in its Vizier table only 711 Ryu OCs, 4 of which are listed with alternative names (Teutsch J1814.6-2814|Ryu 563, Quartet|Ryu 858, GLIMPSE 70|Mercer 70|Ryu 273, LS 468|La Serena 468|Ryu 094). Hence there are 707 Ryu clusters in the final BICA19 Vizier table.

These are very small objects, Ryu & Lee (2018): “The average angular radius of the clusters is 1.3’. More specifically, 902 (98%) clusters are smaller than 3′, and 823 (89%) clusters are even smaller than 2′.”

5. SIM19

Sim et al. 2019; 207 New Open Star Clusters within 1 kpc from Gaia Data Release

Data taken from Table 2 in the online article (contains 207 UPK clusters) Added (ra, dec) columns and a plx column estimated as 1000/dist_pc.

6. CASTRO19

Castro-Ginard et al. 2019; Hunting for open clusters in Gaia DR2: the Galactic anticentre

The Vizier table contains 53 UBC clusters. No changes required.

7. LIUPANG19

Liu & Pang 2019; A Catalog of Newly Identified Star Clusters in Gaia DR2

The Vizier table contains 76 clusters with no acronym given. Neither Table 1 nor 3 in Vizier assign and ID to the entries, only numbers. They do describe the ID columns “Friend of Friend identifier”. Also, in the article Table 1 lists the ID column as ‘FoF ID’.

Added ‘FoF_’ to the entries’ IDs. This also matches the HUNT23 denomination.

8. FERREIRA19

Ferreira et al. 2019; Three new Galactic star clusters discovered in the field of the open cluster NGC 5999 with Gaia DR2

The Vizier table contains 3 UFMG clusters and NGC 5999. This last cluster was removed in the initial version of the DB (don’t remember why).

Added (RA_ICRS,DE_ICRS) columns (converted from h:m:s and d:m:s).

9. CASTRO20

Castro-Ginard et al. 2020; Hunting for open clusters in Gaia DR2: 582 new open clusters in the Galactic disc

The Vizier table contains 570 UBC clusters.

Fixed wrong ra coordinates for UBC595 and UBC181.

10. FERREIRA20

Ferreira et al. (2020); _Discovery and astrophysical properties of Galactic open clusters in dense stellar fields using Gaia DR2.__

The Vizier table contains 25 UFMG clusters. Added (RA_ICRS,DE_ICRS) columns.

11. CANTAT20

Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2020; Painting a portrait of the Galactic disc with its stellar clusters

The Vizier table contains 2017 clusters. This DB lists the FSR clusters as “FSR_XXXX” with leading zeros and the ESO clusters as “ESO_XXX_XX” with leading zeroes.

Changes to names:

  • BH –> VDBH per CDS recommendation
  • vdBergh_ –> VDB per CDS recommendation
  • LP_ –> FoF_ to match the original work LIUPANG19
  • Sigma_Ori –> Sigma_Orionis

12. HAO20

Hao et al. 2020; Sixteen Open Clusters Discovered with Sample-based Clustering Search of Gaia DR2

Data from Table 2 lists 16 clusters with no acronym. Used ‘HXWHB_’ to match HUNT23.

13. FERREIRA21

Ferreira et al. (2021); New star clusters discovered towards the Galactic bulge direction using Gaia DR2

The Vizier table contains 34 UFMG clusters.

14. HE21

He et al. (2021); A catalogue of 74 new open clusters found in Gaia Data-Release 2

The Vizier table contains 74 with no acronym, added ‘HXHWL_’ to match HUNT23. Added (RA_ICRS,DE_ICRS) columns.

15. DIAS21

Dias et al. 2021; Updated parameters of 1743 open clusters based on Gaia DR2

The Vizier table contains 1743 clusters. This DB lists the FSR clusters as “FSR_XXXX” with leading zeros and the ESO clusters as “ESO_XXX_XX” with leading zeroes.

The table lists 177 LIUPANG19 clusters because it includes clusters not listed as new by the authors. Changed ‘LP_’ to ‘FoF_’ for consistency. Removed the leading zero in ‘FoF_XXXX’. Cluster ‘LP_866’ was duplicated (LP_0866), removed the second entry.

Changes to names:

  • BH –> VDBH per CDS recommendation
  • vdBergh –> VDB per CDS recommendation
  • Sigma_Ori –> Sigma_Orionis

The r50 column is listed with ‘pc’ units in Vizier, but it is degrees unit. It also shows 4 clusters with very large r50 values which could be listed in pc units:

Cluster      DIAS21  CG20   BICA19
----------------------------------
Berkeley_58  32.969  0.06   0.058
Blanco_1     13.218  0.699  0.833
NGC_7789     9.324   0.211  0.133
Berkeley_59  3.097   0.137  nan

16. HUNT21

Hunt & Reffert (2021); Improving the open cluster census. I. Comparison of clustering algorithms applied to Gaia DR2 data

The Vizier table lists 41 ‘PHOC_’ clusters.

17. CASADO21

Casado (2021); New open clusters found by manual mining of data based on Gaia DR2

Data from Table 1 in the article lists 20 ‘Casado_’ clusters.

18. JAEHNIG21

Jaehnig et al. 2021; Membership Lists for 431 Open Clusters in Gaia DR2 Using Extreme Deconvolution Gaussian Mixture Models

Changes to names:

  • NGC 1976 –> Trapezium
  • NGC 2451 –> NGC 2451B
  • Changed ‘XDOCC-0Y’ to ‘XDOCC-Y’ to match HUNT23

Removed entries pointing to a GC:

  • Berkeley 42 –> NGC 6749

19. SANTOS21

Santos-Silva et al. 2021; Canis Major OB1 stellar group contents revealed by Gaia

Data from Table 2 in the article lists 15 ‘CMa-‘ clusters (Vizier has no entries for the tables). This table lists two values for each fundamental parameter.

Contains two ‘FOF’ clusters.

20. TARRICQ22

Tarricq et al. (2022); Structural parameters of 389 local open clusters

The Vizier table contains 467 clusters. This DB lists the FSR clusters as “FSR_XXX” with leading zeros and the ESO clusters as “ESO_XXX_XX” with leading zeroes.

Changes to names:

  • BH_99 –> VDBH_99
  • LP_ –> FoF_

21. CASTRO22

Castro-Ginard et al. 2022; Hunting for open clusters in Gaia EDR3: 628 new open clusters found with OCfinder

The Vizier table contains 628 UBC clusters numbered starting at UBC 1001 to differentiate them from the UBC clusters found using Gaia DR2 in the previous articles.

22. HE22

He et al. 2022; New Open-cluster Candidates Found in the Galactic Disk Using Gaia DR2/EDR3 Data

The Vizier table contains 541 with no acronym, added ‘CWNU_’. Replaced ‘—’ with ‘’ for RV values.

23. HE22_1

He et al. (2022); A Blind All-sky Search for Star Clusters in Gaia EDR3: 886 Clusters within 1.2 kpc of the Sun

The Vizier table contains 270 new ‘CWNU_’ clusters. Removed Theia entries.

Changes to names:

  • ESO_489-01 –> ESO_489_01
  • vdBergh –> VDB per CDS recommendation
  • Sigma_Ori –> Sigma_Orionis
  • Changed ‘LP_’ to ‘FoF_’

24. HAO22

Hao et al. 2022; Newly detected open clusters in the Galactic disk using Gaia EDR3

The Vizier table lists 704 ‘OC_’ clusters.

Removed entries pointing to a GC:

  • OC 0586 –> BH 140

25. LI22

Li et al. (2022); LISC Catalog of Star Clusters. I. Galactic Disk Clusters in Gaia EDR3

The Zenodo table lists 61 ‘LISC_’ clusters. The table contains a column called t/t_range in Gyr, not sure what it represents.

26. HE23

He et al. (2023); Unveiling hidden stellar aggregates in the Milky Way: 1656 new star clusters found in Gaia EDR3

The Vizier table contains 1656 with no acronym, added ‘CWNU_’. Added (RA_ICRS,DE_ICRS) columns.

27. HUNT23

Hunt & Reffert (2023); Improving the open cluster census. II. An all-sky cluster catalogue with Gaia DR3

The Vizier table contains 7167 entries.

In the initial UCC version all the Theia entries were removed along with the moving groups. In version 231105 the Theia entries labeled as OCs were re-incorporated.

Some ~160 HSC clusters have center values that do not align with the medians of their members. Changed these centers to the members’ medians.

Rounded float values in several columns.

Removed Teutsch 182 because it is listed along with UBC 6 and these are the same OC according to BICA19. Also Teutsch 182 has wrong center coordinates.

Changes to names:

  • BH –> VDBH per CDS recommendation
  • vdBergh_ –> VDB_ per CDS recommendation

Removed entries pointing to a GC:

  • Palomar 2, 7 (listed as IC_1276) 8, 10, 11, 12
  • ESO_452-11 (listed as 1636-283)
  • Pismis 26 (Ton 2)
  • Lynga_7 (BH 184)
  • HSC 2890, HSC 134 –> Gran 3 and 4

HSC 2605 has very similar coordinates and proper motions to globular NGC 5139 but its parallax is different, so it was not removed.

Fixes:

  • ESO_429-429 –> ESO_429-02 (according to CDS coords)
  • CMa_2 –> CMa_02
  • AH03_J0748+26.9 –> AH03_J0748-26.9
  • Juchert_J0644.8+0925 –> Juchert_J0644.8-0925
  • Teutsch_J0718.0+1642 –> Teutsch_J0718.0-1642
  • Teutsch_J0924.3+5313 –> Teutsch_J0924.3-5313
  • Teutsch_J1037.3+6034 –> Teutsch_J1037.3-6034
  • Teutsch_J1209.3+6120 –> Teutsch_J1209.3-6120

28. QIN23

Qin et al. (2023); Hunting for Neighboring Open Clusters with Gaia DR3: 101 New Open Clusters within 500 pc

Tables (provided by Qin & Chen) lists 101 ‘OSCN_’ clusters.

29. LI23

Li & Mao (2023); LISC Catalog of Star Clusters. II. High Galactic Latitude Open Clusters in Gaia EDR3

The Zenodo table lists 56 ‘LISC’ clusters but only 35 are kept as “real” objects. The parallax distances are in very bad agreement with the the estimated distance moduli. These appear to either be MC clusters or not real clusters at all. HUNT23 recovers 0% of these clusters.

30. CHI23_2

Chi et al. (2023); Identifying 46 New Open Cluster Candidates in Gaia EDR3 Using a Hybrid pyUPMASK and Random Forest Method

The table in the article (IOP) lists 46 clusters with no acronym, ‘CWWL_’ was added to match HUNT23.

31. CHI23

Chi et al. (2023); LISC Catalog of Open Clusters.III. 83 Newly found Galactic disk open clusters using Gaia EDR3

The article mentions 83 clusters but only 82 are visible in the PDF. I sent an email to zhongmuli@126.com but never got an answer. Added ‘LISC-III’ to the names to match HUNT23. Added (RA_ICRS,DE_ICRS) columns.

32. CHI23_3

Chi et al. (2023); Blind Search of The Solar Neighborhood Galactic Disk within 5kpc: 1179 new Star clusters found in Gaia DR3

The table requested to the authors lists 1179 clusters. Added CWWDL following the convention by HUNT23 for DBs with no acronyms. Clusters CWWDL_3274 and CWWDL_3247 are very close.

Added after publication

DAMBIS99

Dambis (1999); Space-age distribution of young open clusters and observational selection

The Vizier table lists 202 clusters.

Removed entries pointing to a GC: Lynga 7.

Changed names:

  • NGC 1976 -> Trapezium
  • van den Bergh 1 -> VDB 1
  • vdB-Hagen 99 -> VDBH 99

Coordinates given by Vizier to Markarian 38 & 50 are wrong, fixed both.

KOPOSOV08

Koposov et al. (2008); Automated search for Galactic star clusters in large multiband surveys. I. Discovery of 15 new open clusters in the Galactic anticenter region

Abstract: “From this analysis, 15 overdensities were confirmed to be new open clusters and the physical and structural parameters were determined for 12 of them”

Results: “We found that 11 stellar overdensities turn out to be new, optically-visible clusters”

Table 1 in the article lists 11 Koposov clusters and these are used here.

BOSSINI19

Bossini et al. (2019); Age determination for 269 Gaia DR2 open clusters

The Vizier table lists 269 clusters.

Duplicates that were combined using their average values:

  • ASCC124, Alessi37
  • ASCC22, Ferrero11
  • ASCC112, AlessiTeutsch11
  • Harvard5, Collinder258

Renamed: ngc0188, ngc0752, ngc0381, ngc0225, ngc0581 to ngc188, ngc752, ngc381, ngc225, ngc581 (removed leading zeroes)

DONOR20

Donor et al. (2020); The Open Cluster Chemical Abundances and Mapping Survey. IV. Abundances for 128 Open Clusters Using SDSS/APOGEE DR16

The Vizier table lists 128 clusters. Did not use the ages listed as they are from the MWSC database.

PERREN22

Perren et al. (2022); An analysis of the most distant cataloged open clusters. Re-assessing fundamental parameters with Gaia EDR3 and ASteCA

The Vizier table lists 25 clusters.

HE23_1

He et al. 2023; Survey for Distant Stellar Aggregates in the Galactic Disk: Detecting 2000 Star Clusters and Candidates, along with the Dwarf Galaxy IC 10

The Vizier table lists 2085 clusters, 28 of which are flagged as ‘GCC’ (GC candidate). These were removed leaving 2057 entries.

‘Ruprecht 123’ is listed twice as: ‘Ruprecht_123_v0’ & ‘Ruprecht_123’. Removed the ‘Ruprecht_123_v0’ entry as the RA value of the other entry was more similar to the values listed in the UCC. The final number of entries is 2056.

There are 20 ‘LP_XXX’ OCs that were renamed ‘FoF_XXX’, removing leading zeros.

CAVALLO24

Cavallo et al. (2024); Parameter Estimation for Open Clusters using an Artificial Neural Network with a QuadTree-based Feature Extractor

The ViZier table lists 6413 entries. Removed all entries classified as ‘g’ (globular clusters, 116 entries) or ‘m’ (moving group, 145 entries). Entries with no kind info: Can-Battlo 1, UBC 92, UBC 93, UBC 94, UBC 95, UBC 96, UBC 97.

The DB contains now 6152 entries.

Removed entries pointing to a GC:

  • Palomar 2, 8, 10, 11, 12
  • Pismis 26 (Ton 2),
  • IC 1276 (Palomar 7),
  • 1636-283 (ESO 452-11)
  • Lynga 7 (BH 184)
  • HSC 2890 and HSC 134 (located very close to Gran 3 and 4)

The DB contains now 6141 entries.

Changes to Cluster column:

  • Replaced _ with empty spaces
  • Changed vdbergh for VDB

Fixed names:

  • ESO 429-429 –> ESO 429-02 (according to CDS coords)
  • CMa 2 –> CMa 02
  • AH03 J0748+26.9 –> AH03 J0748-26.9
  • Juchert J0644.8+0925 –> Juchert J0644.8-0925
  • Teutsch J0718.0+1642 –> Teutsch J0718.0-1642
  • Teutsch J0924.3+5313 –> Teutsch J0924.3-5313
  • Teutsch J1037.3+6034 –> Teutsch J1037.3-6034
  • Teutsch J1209.3+6120 –> Teutsch J1209.3-6120

This DB contains ~900 entries with large differences (>10 arcmin) in its (ra, dec) center coordinates compared to the UCC’s values (and/or large relative parallax differences): 390 HSC, 208 Theia, 90 CWNU, 50 UPK, 26 OCSN, and others.

The author explains that their values com from the “mean values of the member’s coordinates”.

The Teutsch 182 / UBC 6 cluster

This catalogue inherits the HUNT23 objects, thus it includes Teutsch 182 classified as an open cluster. This object was removed from HUNT23 because it is the same cluster as UBC 6 according to BICA19. The coordinates I could find for these clusters are:

  • BDCCT (Bruno’s Dirty Compilation of Clusterlike Things, 2013) 
    Teutsch 182
(ra, dec)  = (22 56 20, +51 05 53) -> (344.083, 51.098)
(lon, lat) = (105.167, -7.760)
  • BICA19 
    Teutsch 182 / UBC 6
(ra, dec)  = (22 55 47  +59 11 05) -> (343.9458, 59.18472)
(lon, lat) = (105.13, -7.63)

    Note that the (ra, dec) values do not match the (lon, lat) values.

  • CASTRO18 
    UBC 6
(ra, dec)  = (343.9518, +51.199)
(lon, lat) = (105.137, -7.633)
  • CG2020 
    UBC 6
(ra, dec)  = (344.010, +51.187)
(lon, lat) = (105.165, -7.660)
  • HUNT23 
    Teutsch 182
(ra, dec)  = (343.7939, +59.225)
UBC 6
(ra, dec)  = (344.0718, +51.1448)

    Where the Teutsch 182 values appear to be inherited from BICA19

  • CAVALLO24 
    Teutsch_182
(ra, dec) = (344.9286, +58.8156)
UBC 6
(ra, dec) = (343.9912, +51.1776)

Summary:

According to the 2013 BDCCT catalog, the UBC 6 coordinates in later catalogues correspond to Teutsch 182.

BICA19 lists wrong (ra, dec) coordinates for Teutsch 182 and UBC 6, but correct galactic coordinates, which it classifies as the same cluster.

HUNT23 apparently inherits the coordinates for Teutsch 182 from BICA19, and the coordinates for UBC 6 from newer catalogues.

Hence, we remove the Teutsch 182 entry from the catalog because the UBC 6 entry contains the correct coordinates and matches the fundamental parameter values listed in other DBs.