Tombaugh 3

(IC 166; MWSC 146; OCL 334; FSR 0563)

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1.0 UTI
1.0
CN
1.0
Cdens
1.0
CC3
1.0
Clit
1.0
Cdup
C3 classification AA
Number of members (P>50%) 1850
Radius (P>50% members) 3.4 [arcmin]
  • CN 1.0 Very rich
  • Cdens 1.0 Very dense
  • CC3 1.0 Very high quality
  • Clit 1.0 Very well-studied
  • Cdup 1.0 Unique
πŸ“₯ Members πŸ“Š Colab πŸ”¬ Bayestar19 πŸ” CDS πŸ” Simbad πŸ” CDS (Ξ±, Ξ΄) πŸ” Simbad (Ξ±, Ξ΄)

Overview
ℹ️
Tombaugh 3 is a very rich, very dense object of very high C3 quality. Its parallax locates it at a large distance, near the mid-plane, affected by moderate extinction. It is catalogued as an extremely massive, near-solar metallicity, old cluster, but with a large variance across recent sources for the metallicity parameter (see Parameters). It is very well-studied in the literature.
Distant Moderate extinction Extremely massive Near-solar metallicity Old

Almeida et al. (2025)
Mass determination: good fit. Isochrone match: intermediate fit. Silver sample.

Cavallo et al. (2024)
Gold sample.

Data
πŸ” Search references for Tombaugh 3 in: SciX Simbad
ℹ️
Reference Year RA [deg] DEC [deg] Plx [mas] pmRA [mas/yr] pmDE [mas/yr] Rv [km/s]
UCC – 28.089 61.856 0.195 -1.461 1.073 -39.726
Li et al. 2025 28.094 61.857 0.175 -1.439 1.126 –
Hu & Soubiran 2025 28.09 61.861 – – – –
Carrasco-Varela et al. 2025 28.371 61.903 – – – –
Almeida et al. 2025 28.096 61.858 – – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2024 28.086 61.855 0.192 -1.461 1.076 -40.382
Cavallo et al. 2024 28.09 61.861 0.19 – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2023 28.086 61.855 0.192 -1.461 1.076 -40.382
Just et al. 2023 28.083 61.863 – – – –
Jaehnig et al. 2021 28.095 61.86 0.203 -1.445 1.145 –
Rain et al. 2021 28.094 61.857 0.175 -1.439 1.126 –
Dias et al. 2021 28.096 61.858 0.172 -1.45 1.144 -40.303
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2020 28.094 61.857 0.175 -1.439 1.126 –
SΓ‘nchez et al. 2020 28.125 61.833 – -1.438 1.147 –
Donor et al. 2020 28.095 61.865 – -1.45 1.15 -40.0
Cantat-Gaudin & Anders 2020 28.094 61.857 0.175 -1.439 1.126 –
Soubiran et al. 2018 28.094 61.857 – – – -39.82
Bica et al. 2019 28.09 61.857 – – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2018 28.094 61.857 0.175 -1.439 1.126 –
Loktin & Popova 2017 28.095 61.865 – -3.892 -1.638 -36.7
Kharchenko et al. 2016 28.083 61.863 – – – –
Dias et al. 2014 28.125 61.833 – -1.26 -0.04 –
Kharchenko et al. 2013 28.095 61.865 – -4.52 -1.27 -36.7
Gozha et al. 2012 28.125 61.834 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2012 28.095 61.865 – -4.59 -1.2 -36.7
Kharchenko et al. 2007 28.12 61.83 – 0.06 – –
van den Bergh 2006 28.125 61.833 – – – –
Dias et al. 2002 28.125 61.833 – -1.26 -0.04 -36.7

πŸ’‘ Note: The UCC values are estimated from its identified members.

Reference Year Dist [kpc] Av [mag] DAv [mag] Age [Myr] [Fe/H] [dex] Mass [Msun] Bfr BSS
Li et al. 2025 4.52 3.00 – 1344 -0.061 – – –
Hu & Soubiran 2025 – – – – -0.170* – – –
Carrasco-Varela et al. 2025 5.37 2.85 – 1014 0.150 – – 0.06*
Almeida et al. 2025 5.37 2.85 – 1014 – 12689 – –
Hunt & Reffert 2024 – – – – – 20738* – –
Cavallo et al. 2024 4.53 2.97 – 933 -0.100 – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2023 4.41 2.85 1.89 783 – – – –
Just et al. 2023 – – – 1000 – 7727 – –
Jaehnig et al. 2021 5.21* – – – – – – –
Rain et al. 2021 4.91 2.48 – 1000 – – – 9
Dias et al. 2021 5.37 2.85 – 1014 0.050 – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2020 5.30 2.47 – 1318 – – – –
Donor et al. 2020 – – – – -0.100 – – –
Cantat-Gaudin & Anders 2020 4.91 – – – – – – –
Soubiran et al. 2018 4.91 – – – – – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2018 4.91 – – – – – – –
Loktin & Popova 2017 3.17 2.69 – 832 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2016 4.80 2.63 – 1000 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2013 4.80 2.63 – 1000 -0.178 – – –
Gozha et al. 2012 4.80 – – 1000 -0.180 – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2012 4.80 2.63 – 1000 -0.178 – – –
van den Bergh 2006 3.97 3.26 – 427 – – – –
Dias et al. 2002 4.80 2.48 – 1000 -0.178 – – –

(*): Indicates that this parameter is assigned more than one value in the corresponding reference.

Visualization
ℹ️
Tombaugh 3 UCC
Tombaugh 3 HUNT23
Tombaugh 3 CANTAT20
Galactocentric position diagram