Toepler 1

(MWSC 3222)

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0.94 UTI
0.71
CN
1.0
Cdens
1.0
CC3
1.0
Clit
1.0
Cdup
C3 classification AA
Number of members (P>50%) 92
Radius (P>50% members) 1.7 [arcmin]
  • CN 0.71 Moderately populated
  • Cdens 1.0 Very dense
  • CC3 1.0 Very high quality
  • Clit 1.0 Very well-studied
  • Cdup 1.0 Unique
đŸ“Ĩ Members 📊 Colab đŸ”Ŧ Bayestar19 🔍 CDS 🔍 Simbad 🔍 CDS (Îą, δ) 🔍 Simbad (Îą, δ)

Overview
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Toepler 1 is a moderately populated, very dense object of very high C3 quality. Its parallax locates it at a moderate distance, above the mid-plane, affected by moderate extinction. It is catalogued as a near-solar metallicity, intermediate-age cluster, but with a large variance across recent sources for the age and mass parameters (see Parameters). It is very well-studied in the literature.

Note: This object shares a significant percentage of members with 2 later reported entries. See table with shared members information.

Distant Moderate extinction Near-solar metallicity Intermediate age

Almeida et al. (2025)
Mass determination: invalid due to poor quality CMD. Isochrone match: worst fit.

Cavallo et al. (2024)
Gold sample.

Data
🔍 Search references for Toepler 1 in: SciX Simbad
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Reference Year RA [deg] DEC [deg] Plx [mas] pmRA [mas/yr] pmDE [mas/yr] Rv [km/s]
UCC – 300.321 33.613 0.277 -2.345 -5.077 -3.384
Li et al. 2025 300.318 33.615 0.252 -2.349 -5.081 –
Almeida et al. 2025 300.319 33.615 – – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2024 300.323 33.613 0.279 -2.349 -5.07 -4.262
Cavallo et al. 2024 300.325 33.617 0.278 – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2023 300.323 33.613 0.279 -2.349 -5.07 -4.262
Just et al. 2023 300.317 33.612 – – – –
Dias et al. 2021 300.319 33.615 0.252 -2.355 -5.079 –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2020 300.318 33.615 0.252 -2.349 -5.081 –
Cantat-Gaudin & Anders 2020 300.318 33.615 0.252 -2.349 -5.081 –
Soubiran et al. 2018 300.318 33.615 – – – -3.27
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2018 300.318 33.615 0.252 -2.349 -5.081 –
Kharchenko et al. 2016 300.317 33.612 – – – –
Dias et al. 2014 300.325 33.62 – -3.49 -7.96 –
Kharchenko et al. 2013 300.322 33.615 – -2.77 -0.5 –
Gozha et al. 2012 300.325 33.62 – – – –
Kronberger et al. 2006 300.323 33.615 – – – –
Dias et al. 2002 300.325 33.62 – -3.49 -7.96 –

💡 Note: The UCC values are estimated from its identified members.

Reference Year Dist [kpc] Av [mag] DAv [mag] Age [Myr] [Fe/H] [dex] Mass [Msun] Bfr BSS
Li et al. 2025 2.61 2.16 – 358 -0.133 – – –
Almeida et al. 2025 3.11 2.22 – 61 – 258 – –
Hunt & Reffert 2024 – – – – – 960* – –
Cavallo et al. 2024 2.65 2.40 – 224 -0.160 – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2023 3.22 2.36 1.48 118 – – – –
Just et al. 2023 – – – 452 – 73 – –
Dias et al. 2021 3.11 2.22 – 61 0.135 – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2020 3.45 1.93 – 65 – – – –
Cantat-Gaudin & Anders 2020 3.56 – – – – – – –
Soubiran et al. 2018 3.56 – – – – – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2018 3.56 – – – – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2016 2.09 1.94 – 452 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2013 2.09 1.94 – 452 – – – –
Gozha et al. 2012 – – – – 0.000 – – –
Dias et al. 2002 2.79 2.02 – 71 – – – –

(*): Indicates that this parameter is assigned more than one value in the corresponding reference.

Cluster % RA DEC Plx pmRA pmDE Rv UTI
OC 0099 64.1 300.32 33.61 0.28 -2.34 -5.07 -3.05 0.01
OC 0098 27.2 300.32 33.62 0.27 -2.33 -5.1 -3.38 0.0

💡 Note: The % column shows the percentage of members that Toepler 1 shares with each listed object.

Visualization
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Toepler 1 UCC
Toepler 1 HUNT23
Toepler 1 CANTAT20
Galactocentric position diagram