NGC 2168

(Melotte 41; Collinder 82; MWSC 754; M 35; OCL 466; FoF 2231)

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1.0 UTI
1.0
CN
1.0
Cdens
1.0
CC3
1.0
Clit
1.0
Cdup
Nm (P>50%) 1763
Core radius and density 2.4 [pc], 25 [pc-2]
C3 classification AA
  • CN 1.0 Very rich
  • Cdens 1.0 Very dense
  • CC3 1.0 Very high quality
  • Clit 1.0 Very well-studied
  • Cdup 1.0 Unique
đŸ“Ĩ Members 📊 Colab đŸ”Ŧ Bayestar19 MOCAMOCA 🔍 CDS 🔍 Simbad 🔍 CDS (Îą, δ) 🔍 Simbad (Îą, δ)

Overview
ℹī¸
NGC 2168 is a very rich, very dense object of very high C3 quality. Its parallax locates it at a close distance, above the mid-plane, affected by low extinction. It is catalogued as a massive, near-solar metallicity, intermediate-age cluster, but with a large variance across recent sources for the age, metallicity, and mass parameters (see Parameters). It is very well-studied in the literature.

Note: This object contains blue stragglers according to at least one source.

Almeida et al. (2025)
Mass determination: good fit. Isochrone match: good fit. Gold sample.

Cavallo et al. (2024)
Gold sample.

Hunt & Reffert (2024)
Classified as open cluster. CMD class: 1.00 (50th percentile).

Hunt & Reffert (2023)
Classified as open cluster. CMD class: 1.00 (50th percentile).

Hu et al. (2021)
Ellipticities (core, all): e_core=0.0593, e_all=0.1081.

Piecka & Paunzen (2021)
Belongs to cluster aggregate 'Agg16' along with COIN-Gaia 24.

Ahumada & Lapasset (2007)
Star 218=HD 41940 has a membership probability of 72% (ref. 278) and a spectrum B2V (1965ApJS...12..215H). It is cited as a straggler en (1986AJ.....91..557M).

Data
🔍 Search references for NGC 2168 in: SciX Simbad
ℹī¸
Reference Year RA [deg] DEC [deg] Plx [mas] pmRA [mas/yr] pmDE [mas/yr] Rv [km/s]
UCC 99999– 92.268 24.343 1.151 2.26 -2.897 -8.87
Otto et al. 2026 92.284 24.326 – 2.31 -2.9 -7.1
Li et al. 2025 92.272 24.336 1.131 2.308 -2.905 –
Guerco et al. 2025 92.3 24.4 1.15 2.23 -2.8 -7.42
Yang et al. 2025 92.284 24.326 – – – –
Wei et al. 2025 92.263 24.347 1.152 2.26 -2.886 –
Almeida et al. 2025 92.263 24.334 – – – –
Alfonso et al. 2024 92.271 24.336 1.112 2.256 -2.888 –
Zhang et al. 2024 92.284 24.326 – – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2024 92.284 24.326 1.154 2.253 -2.895 -9.304
Cavallo et al. 2024 92.277 24.333 1.153 – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2023 92.284 24.326 1.154 2.253 -2.895 -9.304
Angelo et al. 2023 92.317 24.336 – 2.27 -2.9 –
Cordoni et al. 2023 92.263 24.334 1.127 2.299 -2.905 –
Just et al. 2023 92.294 24.361 – – – –
He et al. 2022 92.269 24.332 1.153 2.26 -2.886 –
Tarricq et al. 2022 92.298 24.318 1.148 2.246 -2.907 –
Jaehnig et al. 2021 92.267 24.334 1.157 2.293 -2.913 –
Netopil et al. 2022 92.225 24.333 – – – -7.86
Rain et al. 2021 92.272 24.336 1.131 2.308 -2.905 –
Richer et al. 2021 92.261 24.326 0.441 2.276 -2.914 –
Dias et al. 2021 92.263 24.334 1.127 2.299 -2.905 -7.76
Spina et al. 2021 92.27 24.338 1.13 2.293 -2.909 –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2020 92.272 24.336 1.131 2.308 -2.905 –
Zhong et al. 2020 92.272 24.336 – 2.308 -2.905 -11.148
Cantat-Gaudin & Anders 2020 92.272 24.336 1.131 2.308 -2.905 –
Liu & Pang 2019 92.275 24.34 1.123 2.276 -2.905 –
Bossini et al. 2019 92.272 24.336 – – – –
Soubiran et al. 2018 92.272 24.336 – – – -7.9
Bica et al. 2019 92.273 24.313 – – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2018 92.272 24.336 1.131 2.308 -2.905 –
Dib et al. 2018 92.302 24.36 – – – –
Loktin & Popova 2017 92.22 24.334 – 0.473 -0.879 -10.8
Sampedro et al. 2017 92.225 24.333 – 1.06 -2.27 –
Joshi et al. 2016 92.302 24.36 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2016 92.294 24.361 – – – –
Netopil et al. 2016 92.225 24.333 – – – –
Dias et al. 2014 92.225 24.333 – 0.65 -3.06 –
Kharchenko et al. 2013 92.302 24.36 – 2.37 -3.44 -10.8
Gozha et al. 2012 92.225 24.333 – – – –
Bukowiecki et al. 2011 92.204 24.29 – – – –
Piskunov et al. 2008 92.277 24.349 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2007 92.25 24.35 – 0.95 – -7.17
Piskunov et al. 2007 92.277 24.349 – – – –
Ahumada & Lapasset 2007 92.25 24.35 – – – –
van den Bergh 2006 92.275 24.35 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2005 92.28 24.35 – 2.38 -2.95 -7.15
Kharchenko et al. 2003 92.28 24.35 – 2.27 -2.56 –
Chen et al. 2003 92.231 24.332 – 0.2 -1.63 17.7
Dias et al. 2002 92.225 24.333 – 0.65 -3.06 -8.17
Dambis 1999 92.225 24.333 – – – –
Lynga 1987 92.208 24.337 – – – -10.0
Sulentic et al. 1973 92.208 24.345 – – – –

💡 Note: The UCC values are estimated from its identified members.

Reference Year Dist [kpc] Av [mag] DAv [mag] Age [Myr] [Fe/H] [dex] Mass [Msun] Bfrac BSS
UCC 99999– 0.84 0.82 1.14 160 -0.119 3444 0.39 1
Otto et al. 2026 – – – 148 -0.030(15) – – –
Li et al. 2025 0.82 0.57 – 385 -0.047 – – –
Guerco et al. 2025 – – – 150 -0.050 – – –
Yang et al. 2025 – – – 162 -0.140(3) – – –
Wei et al. 2025 1.25 0.89 – 91 0.250 2046 0.47 –
Almeida et al. 2025 0.82 0.88 – 160 – 3444 – –
Alfonso et al. 2024 0.90 0.47 – 594 -0.115 – – –
Zhang et al. 2024 – – – – -0.125(1) – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2024 0.82 0.59 1.14 162 – 4180(1) – –
Cavallo et al. 2024 0.87 0.69 – 219 0.260 – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2023 0.82 0.59 1.14 162 – – – –
Angelo et al. 2023 0.81 0.88 – 158 0.050 4(1) – –
Cordoni et al. 2023 0.82 0.88 – 160 -0.123 3912 0.31 0(1)
Just et al. 2023 – – – 180 – 1202 – –
He et al. 2022 – 0.95 – 79 – – – –
Spina et al. 2022 – – – – -0.048 – – –
Tarricq et al. 2022 0.89 – – 155 – – – –
Jaehnig et al. 2021 0.86(1) – – – – – – –
Netopil et al. 2022 0.91(1) – – 182 -0.180(1) – – –
Rain et al. 2021 0.86 0.63 – 178 – – – 1
Richer et al. 2021 – 0.70 – – – – – –
Dias et al. 2021 0.82 0.88 – 160 -0.123 – – –
Spina et al. 2021 0.89 – – 148 -0.051(20) – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2020 0.91 0.46 – 148 – – – –
Kounkel et al. 2020 0.84 0.68 – 162 – – – –
Zhong et al. 2020 0.86(1) 0.63 – 8250 -0.101 – – –
Cantat-Gaudin & Anders 2020 0.86 – – – – – – –
Liu & Pang 2019 – – – 96 0.250 – – –
Bossini et al. 2019 0.73 0.47 – 403 -0.210 – – –
Soubiran et al. 2018 0.86 – – – – – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2018 0.86 – – – – – – –
Dib et al. 2018 0.83 – – 180 – – – –
Loktin & Popova 2017 0.84 0.81 – 108 – – – –
Joshi et al. 2016 0.83 0.82 – 180 – 3631 – –
Kharchenko et al. 2016 0.83 0.82 – 180 – – – –
Netopil et al. 2016 8.85 – – 100 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2013 0.83 0.82 – 180 -0.160 – – –
Bukowiecki et al. 2012 – – – – – 3104 – –
Gozha et al. 2012 0.91 – – 178 -0.270 3631 – –
Bukowiecki et al. 2011 1.27(1) 1.23 – 45 – – – –
Paunzen et al. 2010 – – – – -0.270 – – –
Piskunov et al. 2008 0.83 0.82 – 151 – 4539(1) – –
Piskunov et al. 2007 0.83 0.82 – 151 – 1726 – –
Ahumada & Lapasset 2007 – 0.82 – 63 – – – 1
van den Bergh 2006 0.82 0.82 – 95 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2005 0.83 0.82 – 151 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2003 0.81 0.82 – – – – – –
Chen et al. 2003 0.82 0.83 – 90 -0.160(1) – – –
Dias et al. 2002 0.91 0.63 – 178 -0.160 – – –
Dambis 1999 0.76 0.79 – 126 – – – –
Lynga 1987 0.87 0.69 – 107 – – – –

(N): Indicates that there are N extra values assigned to this parameter in the corresponding reference.

Visualization
ℹī¸
NGC 2168 UCC
NGC 2168 HUNT23
NGC 2168 CANTAT20
Galactocentric position diagram