NGC 1039

(Melotte 17; Collinder 31; MWSC 223; M 34; OCL 382; FoF 2264; OCSN 222)

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1.0 UTI
1.0
CN
1.0
Cdens
1.0
CC3
1.0
Clit
1.0
Cdup
Nm (P>50%) 1283
Core radius and density 1.9 [pc], 28 [pc-2]
C3 classification AA
  • CN 1.0 Very rich
  • Cdens 1.0 Very dense
  • CC3 1.0 Very high quality
  • Clit 1.0 Very well-studied
  • Cdup 1.0 Unique
đŸ“Ĩ Members 📊 Colab đŸ”Ŧ Bayestar19 MOCAMOCA 🔍 CDS 🔍 Simbad 🔍 CDS (Îą, δ) 🔍 Simbad (Îą, δ)

Overview
ℹī¸
NGC 1039 is a very rich, very dense object of very high C3 quality. Its parallax locates it at a close distance, below the mid-plane, affected by low extinction. It is catalogued as a near-solar metallicity, intermediate-age cluster, but with a large variance across recent sources for the age, metallicity, and mass parameters (see Parameters). It is very well-studied in the literature.

Note: This object shares a very small percentage of members with a later reported entry. See table with shared members information.

Malhotra et al. (2026)
Lowest/Highest stellar mass in the catalogue with a mass-ratio estimate: 0.3/3.04 Msun

Yan et al. (2026)
Number of WDs: expected from single-star evolution N=8, with probability of formation through binary evolution >=0.5 N=2.

Almeida et al. (2025)
Mass determination: good fit. Isochrone match: good fit. Gold sample.

Cavallo et al. (2024)
Gold sample.

Hunt & Reffert (2024)
Classified as open cluster. CMD class: 1.00 (50th percentile).

Hunt & Reffert (2023)
Classified as open cluster. CMD class: 1.00 (50th percentile).

Richer et al. (2021)
The expected number of WDs is 10.6, 0 WD candidates found, and 0 WD candidates found in the wide search.

Hu et al. (2021)
Ellipticities (core, all): e_core=0.1405, e_all=0.2582.

Rain et al. (2021)
This cluster was include in (Dias et al., 2002A&A...389..871D, Cat. B/ocl) however, parameters log(t)=8.101, Av=0.239, [Fe/H]=0.00 were taken from Bossini et al. (2019A&A...623A.108B, Cat. J/A+A/623/A108). The distance d=481.2 (dmode+01) of Cantat-Gaudin et al. (2018A&A...618A..93C, Cat. J/A+A18/A93) was use to fit the isochrone.

Data
🔍 Search references for NGC 1039 in: SciX Simbad
ℹī¸
Reference Year RA [deg] DEC [deg] Plx [mas] pmRA [mas/yr] pmDE [mas/yr] Rv [km/s]
UCC 99999– 40.549 42.728 1.994 0.65 -5.787 -8.006
Yan et al. 2026 40.548 42.722 2.003 0.652 -5.791 –
Malhotra et al. 2026 40.538 42.734 – – – –
Nizovkina et al. 2025 40.548 42.722 – – – –
Li et al. 2025 40.531 42.722 1.949 0.722 -5.681 –
Yang et al. 2025 40.548 42.722 – – – –
Wei et al. 2025 40.526 42.731 2.004 0.654 -5.792 –
Almeida et al. 2025 40.51 42.712 – – – –
Alfonso et al. 2024 40.526 42.725 1.97 0.653 -5.788 –
Zhang et al. 2024 40.548 42.722 – – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2024 40.548 42.722 2.003 0.652 -5.791 -7.078
Cavallo et al. 2024 40.5 42.713 2.006 – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2023 40.548 42.722 2.003 0.652 -5.791 -7.078
Qin et al. 2023 40.55 42.73 2.01 0.66 -5.79 -7.93
Just et al. 2023 40.539 42.788 – – – –
He et al. 2022 40.544 42.732 2.007 0.646 -5.788 –
Tarricq et al. 2022 40.494 42.735 1.998 0.656 -5.788 –
Jaehnig et al. 2021 40.468 42.718 1.986 0.691 -5.715 –
Netopil et al. 2022 40.521 42.762 – – – -6.91
Rain et al. 2021 40.531 42.722 1.949 0.722 -5.681 –
Richer et al. 2021 40.518 42.712 1.95 0.732 -5.705 –
Dias et al. 2021 40.51 42.712 1.943 0.736 -5.695 -5.953
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2020 40.531 42.722 1.949 0.722 -5.681 –
Zhong et al. 2020 40.531 42.722 – 0.722 -5.681 -14.036
Cantat-Gaudin & Anders 2020 40.531 42.722 1.949 0.722 -5.681 –
Liu & Pang 2019 40.518 42.72 1.957 0.736 -5.678 –
Bossini et al. 2019 40.531 42.722 – – – –
Soubiran et al. 2018 40.531 42.722 – – – -7.16
Bica et al. 2019 40.519 42.777 – – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2018 40.531 42.722 1.949 0.722 -5.681 –
Dias et al. 2018 – – – 1.39 -3.39 –
Dib et al. 2018 40.549 42.79 – – – –
Loktin & Popova 2017 40.515 42.762 – -0.67 -6.12 -18.2
Sampedro et al. 2017 40.521 42.762 – 0.54 -3.92 –
Joshi et al. 2016 40.549 42.79 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2016 40.539 42.788 – – – –
Netopil et al. 2016 40.521 42.762 – – – –
Dias et al. 2014 40.521 42.762 – 0.39 -3.99 –
Kharchenko et al. 2013 40.549 42.79 – -0.28 -6.73 -18.2
Gozha et al. 2012 40.521 42.762 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2012 40.549 42.79 – -0.28 -6.91 -18.2
Piskunov et al. 2008 40.508 42.759 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2007 40.51 42.76 – 0.37 – -16.8
Piskunov et al. 2007 40.508 42.759 – – – –
Ahumada & Lapasset 2007 40.525 42.767 – – – –
van den Bergh 2006 40.525 42.767 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2005 40.51 42.76 – -0.22 -6.93 –
Kharchenko et al. 2003 40.54 42.76 – 0.02 -6.79 –
Chen et al. 2003 40.478 42.791 – 0.39 -6.8 -7.8
Dias et al. 2002 40.521 42.762 – -0.28 -6.91 -16.8
Lynga 1987 40.507 42.781 – – – –
Sulentic et al. 1973 40.504 42.773 – – – –

💡 Note: The UCC values are estimated from its identified members.

Reference Year Dist [kpc] Av [mag] DAv [mag] Age [Myr] [Fe/H] [dex] Mass [Msun] Bfrac BSS
UCC 99999– 0.51 0.225 0.78 175 0.013 155 0.35 0
Yan et al. 2026 – – – 131 – – – –
Malhotra et al. 2026 0.50 0.20 – 251 0.070 – – –
Nizovkina et al. 2025 0.47(4) 0.40(4) – 80(4) -0.113(4) – – –
Li et al. 2025 0.49 0.34 – 97 -0.033 – – –
Yang et al. 2025 – – – 123 -0.090(3) – – –
Wei et al. 2025 0.57 0.23 – 63 0.500 859 0.35 –
Almeida et al. 2025 0.51 0.33 – 266 – 922 – –
Alfonso et al. 2024 0.53 0.16 – 60 -0.003 – – –
Zhang et al. 2024 – – – – 0.005(1) – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2024 0.48 0.14 0.78 122 – 1380(1) – –
Cavallo et al. 2024 0.51 0.37 – 126 0.270 – – –
Hunt & Reffert 2023 0.48 0.14 0.78 122 – – – –
Qin et al. 2023 0.59 0.41 – 89 – – – –
Just et al. 2023 – – – 242 – 167 – –
He et al. 2022 – 0.35 – 79 – – – –
Tarricq et al. 2022 0.53 – – 141 – – – –
Jaehnig et al. 2021 0.50(1) – – – – – – –
Netopil et al. 2022 0.47(1) – – 178 0.020(1) – – –
Rain et al. 2021 0.51 0.22 – 126 – – – 0
Richer et al. 2021 – 0.32 – 132 – – – –
Dias et al. 2021 0.51 0.33 – 266 -0.006 – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2020 0.53 0.16 – 132 – – – –
Kounkel et al. 2020 0.50 0.42 – 126 – – – –
Zhong et al. 2020 0.51(1) 0.24 – 8383 -0.046 – – –
Cantat-Gaudin & Anders 2020 0.51 – – – – – – –
Liu & Pang 2019 – – – 63 0.500 – – –
Bossini et al. 2019 0.51 0.24 – 126 0.000 – – –
Soubiran et al. 2018 0.51 – – – – – – –
Cantat-Gaudin et al. 2018 0.51 – – – – – – –
Dib et al. 2018 0.51 – – 242 – – – –
Loktin & Popova 2017 0.50 0.22 – 173 – – – –
Joshi et al. 2016 0.51 0.24 – 242 – 68 – –
Kharchenko et al. 2016 0.51 0.24 – 242 – – – –
Netopil et al. 2016 8.38 – – 190 0.020(2) – – –
Heiter et al. 2014 – – – – 0.020 – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2013 0.51 0.24 – 242 0.070 – – –
Gozha et al. 2012 0.50 – – 177 0.070 68 – –
Kharchenko et al. 2012 0.51 0.24 – 242 0.070 – – –
Paunzen et al. 2010 – – – – -0.290 – – –
Piskunov et al. 2008 0.50 0.22 – 263 – 143(1) – –
Piskunov et al. 2007 0.50 0.22 – 263 – 71 – –
Ahumada & Lapasset 2007 – 0.22 – 178 – – – 0
van den Bergh 2006 0.50 0.22 – 178 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2005 0.50 0.22 – 263 – – – –
Kharchenko et al. 2003 0.50 0.22 – – – – – –
Chen et al. 2003 0.50 0.22 – 170 -0.300(1) – – –
Dias et al. 2002 0.50 0.22 – 177 0.070 – – –
Lynga 1987 0.44 0.13 – 195 -0.260 – – –

(N): Indicates that there are N extra values assigned to this parameter in the corresponding reference.

Cluster % RA DEC Plx pmRA pmDE Rv UTI
OC 0265 2.7 40.32 42.42 1.99 0.6 -5.79 -8.04 0.0

💡 Note: The % column shows the percentage of members that NGC 1039 shares with each listed object.

Visualization
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NGC 1039 UCC
NGC 1039 HUNT23
NGC 1039 CANTAT20
Galactocentric position diagram